| Summary, etc |
Contents<br/>CHAPTER 1 ELEMENTS OF EXPERIMENTATION<br/>1.1<br/>Estimate of Error, 2<br/>1.1.1<br/>Replication, 3<br/>1.1.2<br/>Randomization, 3<br/>1.2<br/>Control of Error, 4<br/>1.2.1<br/>Blocking, 4<br/>1.2.2<br/>Proper Plot Technique, 4<br/>1.2.3<br/>Data Analysis, 5<br/>1.3<br/>Proper Interpretation of Results, 5<br/>CHAPTER 2 SINGLE-FACTOR EXPERIMENTS 7<br/>2.1<br/>Completely Randomized Design, 8<br/>2.1.1<br/>Randomization and Layout, 8<br/>2.1.2<br/>Analysis of Variance, 13<br/>2.2<br/>Randomized Complete Block Design, 20<br/>2.2.1<br/>Blocking Technique, 20<br/>2.2.2<br/>Randomization and Layout, 22<br/>2.2.3<br/>Analysis of Variance, 25<br/>2.2.4<br/>Block Efficiency, 29<br/>2.3<br/>Latin Square Design, 30<br/>2.3.1<br/>Randomization and Layout, 31<br/>2.3.2<br/>Analysis of Variance, 33<br/>2.3.3<br/>Efficiencies of Row-and Column-Blockings, 37<br/>2.4<br/>Lattice Design, 39<br/>2.4.1<br/>Balanced Lattice, 41<br/>2.4.2<br/>Partially Balanced Lattice, 52<br/>2.5<br/>Group Balanced Block Design, 75<br/>2.5.1<br/>Randomization and Layout, 76<br/>2.5.2<br/>Analysis of Variance, 76<br/>CHAPTER 3 TWO-FACTOR EXPERIMENTS 84<br/>3.1<br/>Interaction Between Two Factors, 84<br/>3.2<br/>Factorial Experiment, 89<br/>3.3<br/>Complete Blo,:k Design, 91<br/>3.4<br/>Split-Plot Design, 97<br/>3.4.1<br/>Randomization and Layout, 99<br/>3.4.2<br/>Analysis of Variance, 101<br/>xi<br/>4A<br/>\'*\<br/>xii Contenis<br/>3.5<br/>Strip-Plot Design, 108<br/>3.5.1<br/>Randomization and Layout, 108<br/>3.5.2<br/>Analysis of Variance, 109<br/>3.6<br/>Group Balanced Block in Split-Plot Design, 116<br/>3.6.1<br/>Randomization and Layout, 116<br/>3.6.2<br/>Analysis of Variance, 118<br/>CHAPTER 4 THREE-OR-MORE-FACTOR EXPERIMENTS 130<br/>4.1<br/>Interaction Between Three or More Factors, 130<br/>4.2<br/>Alternative Designs, 133<br/>4.2.1<br/>Single-Factor Experimental Designs, 133<br/>4.2.2<br/>Two-Factor Experimental Designs, 134<br/>4.2.3<br/>Three-or-More-Factor Experimental Designs, 138<br/>4.2.4<br/>Fractional Factorial Designs, 139<br/>4.3<br/>Split-Split-Plot Designs, 139<br/>4.3.1<br/>Randomization and Layout, 140<br/>4.3.2<br/>Analysis of Variance, 141<br/>4.4<br/>Strip-Split-Plot Design, 14<br/>4.4.1<br/>Randomization and Layout, 154<br/>4.4.2<br/>Analysis of Variance, 157<br/>4.5<br/>Fractional Factorial Design, 167<br/>4.5.1<br/>Randomization and Layout, 169<br/>4.5.2<br/>Analysis of Variance, 170<br/>CHAPTER 5 COMPARISON BETWEEN TREATMENT MEANS 187<br/>5.1<br/>Pair Comparison, 188<br/>5.1.1<br/>Least Significant Difference Test, 188<br/>5.1.2<br/>Duncan's Multip,, Range Test, 207<br/>5.2<br/>Group Comparison, 215<br/>5.2.1<br/>Between-Group Comparison, 217<br/>5.2.2<br/>Within-Group Comparison, 222<br/>5.2.3<br/>Trend Comparison, 225<br/>5.2.4<br/>Factorial Comparison, 233<br/>CHAPTER 6 ANALYSIS OF MULTIOBSERVATION DATA 241<br/>6.1<br/>Data from Plot Sampling, 241<br/>6.1.1<br/>RCB Design, 243<br/>6.1.2<br/>Split-Plot Design, 247<br/>6.2<br/>Measurement Over Time, 256<br/>6.2.1<br/>RCB Design, 258<br/>6.2.2<br/>Split-Plot Design, 262<br/>6.3<br/>Measurement Over Time with Plot Sampling, 266<br/>CHAPTER 7 PROBLEM DATA 272<br/>7.1<br/>Missing Data, 272<br/>7.1.1<br/>Common Causes of Missing Data, 272<br/>7.1.2<br/>Missing Data Formula Technique, 276<br/>Contents xii<br/>7.2<br/>Data tfrst Violate Some Assumptions of the Analysis of Variance, 294<br/>7.2.1<br/>Common Violations in Agricultural Experiments, 295<br/>7.2.2<br/>Remedial Measures for Handling Variance Heterogeneity, 297<br/>CHAPTER 8 ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM A SERIES OF EXPERIMENTS 316<br/>8.1<br/>Preliminary Evaluation Experiment, 317<br/>8.1.1<br/>Analysis Over Seasons, 317<br/>8.1.2<br/>Analysis Over Years, 328<br/>8.2<br/>Technology Adaptation Experiment: Analysis Over Sites, 332<br/>8.2.1<br/>Variety Trial in Randomized Complete Blov-k Design, 335<br/>8.2.2<br/>Fertilizer Trial in Split-Plot Design, 339<br/>8.3<br/>Long-Term Experiments, 350<br/>8.4<br/>Response Prediction Experiment, 355<br/>CHAPTER 9 REGRESSION AND CORRELATION ANALYSIS 357<br/>9.1<br/>Linear Relationship, 359<br/>9.1.1<br/>Simple Linear Regress)n and Correlation, 361<br/>9.1.2<br/>Multiple Linear Regression and Correlation, 382<br/>9.2<br/>Nonlinear Relationship, 388<br/>9.2.1<br/>Simple Nonlinear Regression, 388<br/>9.2.2<br/>Multiple Nonlinear Regression, 395<br/>9.3<br/>Searching for the Best Regression, 397<br/>9.3.1<br/>The Scatter Diagram Technique, 398<br/>9.3.2<br/>The Analysis of Variance Technique, 401<br/>9.3.3<br/>The Test of Significance Technique, 405<br/>9.3<br/>A Stepwise Regression Technique, 411<br/>9.4<br/>Common Misuses of Correlation and Regression Analysis in<br/>Agricultural Research, 416<br/>9.4.1<br/>Improper Match Between Data and Objective, 417<br/>9.4.2<br/>Broad Generalization of Regression and Correlation Analysis<br/>Results, 420<br/>9.4.3<br/>Use of Data from Individual Replications, 421<br/>9.4.4<br/>Misinterpretation of the Simple Linear Regression and<br/>Correlation Analysis, 422<br/>CHAPTER 10 COVARIANCE3 ANALYSIS 424<br/>10.1<br/>Uses of Covariance Analysis in Agricultural Research, 424<br/>10.1.1<br/>Error Control and Adjustment of Treatment Means, 425<br/>10.1.2<br/>Estimation of Missing Data, 429<br/>10.1.3<br/>Interpretation of Experimental Results, 429<br/>10.2<br/>Computational Procedures, 430<br/>10.2.1<br/>Error Control, 431<br/>10.2.2<br/>Estimation of Missing Data, 454<br/>CHAPTER 11 CHI-SQUARE TEST 458<br/>11.1<br/>Analysis of Attribute Data, 458<br/>11.1.1<br/>Test for a Fixed-Ratio Hypothesis. 459<br/>Xiv Contents<br/>11.1.2<br/>Test for Independence in a Contingenc) Table, 462<br/>11.1.3<br/>Test for Homogeneity of Ratio, 464<br/>11.2<br/>Test for Homogeneity of Variance, 467<br/>11.2.1<br/>Equal Degree of Freedom, 467<br/>11.2.2<br/>Unequal Degrees of Freedom, 469<br/>11.3<br/>Test for Goodness of Fit, 471<br/>CHAPTER 12 SOIL JIEEIOGENEItrY 478<br/>12.1<br/>Choosing a Good Experimental Site, 478<br/>12.1.1<br/>Slopes, 478<br/>12.1.2<br/>Areas Used for Experiments in Previous Croppings, 478<br/>12.1.3<br/>Graded Areas, 479<br/>12.1.4<br/>Presence of Large Trees, Poles, and Structures, 479<br/>12.1.5<br/>Unproductive Site, 479<br/>12.2<br/>Measuring Soil Heterogeneity, 479<br/>12.2.1<br/>Uniformity Trials, 479<br/>12.2.2<br/>Data from Field Experiments, 494<br/>12.3<br/>Coping with Soil Heterogeneity, 500<br/>12.3.1<br/>Plot Size and Shape, 500<br/>12.3.2<br/>Block Size and Shape. 503<br/>12.3.3<br/>Number of Replications, 503<br/>CHAPTER 13 COMPETITION EFFECTS 505<br/>13.1<br/>Types of Competition Effect, 505<br/>13.1.1<br/>Nonplanted Borders, 505<br/>13.1.2<br/>Varietal Competition, 506<br/>13.1.3<br/>Fertilizer Competition, 506<br/>13.1.4<br/>Missing Hills, 506<br/>13.2<br/>Measuring Competition Effects, 506<br/>13.2.1<br/>Experiments to Measure Competition Effects, 507<br/>13.2.2<br/>Experiments Set Up for Other Purposes, 515<br/>13.2.3<br/>Uniformity Trials or Prod,. ction Plots, 519<br/>13.3<br/>Control of Competition Effects, 520<br/>13.3.1<br/>Removal of Border Plants, 520<br/>13.3.2<br/>Grouping of Homogeneous Treatments, 521<br/>13.3.3<br/>Stand Correction, 521<br/>CHAPTER 14 MECHANICAL ERRORS 523<br/>14.1<br/>Furrowing for Row Spacing, 523<br/>14.2<br/>Selection of Seedlings, 525<br/>14.3<br/>Thinning, 525<br/>14.4<br/>Transplanting, 527<br/>14.5<br/>Fertilizer Application, 528<br/>14.6<br/>Seed Mixtures and Off-Type Plants, 528<br/>14.7<br/>Plot Layout and Labeling, 529<br/>14.8<br/>Measurement Errors, 530<br/>14.9<br/>Transcription of Data, 531<br/>Contents xv<br/>CHAPTER 15 SAMPLING IN EXPERIMENTAL PLOTS 532<br/>15.1<br/>Components of a Plot Sampling Technique, 533<br/>15.1.1<br/>Sampling Unit, 533<br/>15.1.2<br/>Sample Size, 534<br/>15.1.3<br/>Sampling Design, 536<br/>15.1.4<br/>Supplementary Techniques, 543<br/>15.2<br/>Developing an Appropriate Plot Sampling Technique, 546<br/>15.2.1<br/>Data from Previous Experiments, 547<br/>15.2.2<br/>Additional Data from On-Going Experiments, 550<br/>15.2.3<br/>Specifically Planned Sampling Studies, 557<br/>CHAPTER 16 EXPERIMENTS IN FARMERS' FIELDS 562<br/>16.1<br/>Farmer's Ficid as the Test Site, 563<br/>16.2<br/>Technology-Generatior Experiments, 564<br/>16.2.1<br/>Selection of Test Site, 564<br/>16.2.2<br/>Experimental Design and Field Layout, 565<br/>16.2.3<br/>Data Collection, 566<br/>16.2.4<br/>Data Analysis, 567<br/>16.3<br/>Technology-Verification Experiments, 571<br/>16.3.1<br/>Selection of Test Farms, 572<br/>16.3.2<br/>Experimental Design, 572<br/>16.3.3<br/>Field-Plot Technique, 574<br/>16.3.4<br/>Data Collection, 577<br/>16.3.5<br/>Data Analysis, 577<br/>CHAPTER 17 PRESENTATION OF RESEARCH RESULTS 591<br/>17.1<br/>Single-Factor Experiment, 594<br/>17.1.1<br/>Discrete Treatments, 594<br/>17.1.2<br/>Quantitative Treatments: Line Graph, 601<br/>17.2<br/>Factorial Experiment, 605<br/>17.2.1<br/>Tabular Form, 605<br/>17.2.2<br/>Bar Chart, 611<br/>17.2.3<br/>Line Graph, 614<br/>17.3<br/>More-Than-One Set of Data, 618<br/>17.3.1<br/>Measurement Over Time, 620<br/>17.3.2<br/>Multicharacter Data, 623<br/>APPENDIXES 629<br/>A.<br/>Table of Random Numbers, 630<br/>B.<br/>Cumulative Normal Frequency Distribution, 632<br/>C.<br/>Distribution of t Probability, 633<br/>D.<br/>Percentage Points of the Chi-Square Distribution, 634<br/>E.<br/>Points for the Distribution of F, 635<br/>F.<br/>Significant Studentized Ranges for 5%and 1%Level New<br/>Multiple-Range Test, 639<br/>I<br/>xvi Contents<br/>G. Orthogonal Polynomial Coeffcients for Comparison between Three to<br/>Six Equally Spaced Treatments, 641<br/>H. Simple Linear Correlation Coefficients, r, at the 5%and 1%Levels of<br/>Significance, 641<br/>I. Table of Corresponding Values of r and z, 642<br/>J. The Arcsin Percentage Transformation, 643<br/>K. Selected Latin Squares, 646<br/>L. Basic Plans for Balanced and Partially Balanced Lattice Designs, 647<br/>M. Selected Plans of I Fractional Factorial Design for 25, 26, and 27<br/>Factorial Experiments, 652<br/>INDEX 657 |
